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281
Heroes of the Telegraph
·
John Munro
104
Various
papers
read
before
the
Institution
of
Mechanical
Engineers,
the
Institution
of
Civil
Engineers,
or
appearing
in
DINGLER'S
JOURNAL
and
the
JOURNAL
OF
THE
FRANKLIN
INSTITUTE
about
this
time,
illustrate
the
workings
of
his
mind
upon
the
subject.
That
read
in
1853,
before
the
Institution
of
Civil
Engineers,
'On
the
Conversion
of
Heat
into
Mechanical
Effect,'
was
the
first
of
a
long
series
of
communications
to
that
learned
body,
and
gained
for
its
author
the
Telford
premium
and
medal.
In
it
he
contended
that
a
perfect
engine
would
be
one
in
which
all
the
heat
applied
to
the
steam
was
used
up
in
its
expansion
behind
a
working
piston,
leaving
none
to
be
sent
into
a
condenser
or
the
atmosphere,
and
that
the
best
results
in
any
actual
engine
would
be
attained
by
carrying
expansion
to
the
furthest
possible
limit,
or,
in
practice,
by
the
application
of
a
regenerator.
Anxious
to
realise
his
theories
further,
he
constructed
a
twenty
horse-power
engine
on
the
regenerative
plan,
and
exhibited
it
at
the
Paris
Universal
Exhibition
of
1855;
but,
not
realising
his
expectations,
he
substituted
for
it
another
of
seven-horse
power,
made
by
M.
Farcot,
of
Paris,
which
was
found
to
work
with
considerable
economy.
The
use
of
superheated
steam,
however,
still
proved
a
drawback,
and
the
Siemens
engine
has
not
been
extensively
used.
On
the
other
hand,
the
Siemens
water-meter,
which
he
introduced
in
1851,
has
been
very
widely
used,
not
only
in
this
country,
but
abroad.
It
acts
equally
well
under
all
variations
of
pressure,
and
with
a
constant
or
an
intermittent
supply.
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