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281
Heroes of the Telegraph
·
John Munro
109
The
regenerative
furnace
is
the
greatest
single
invention
of
Charles
William
Siemens.
Owing
to
the
large
demand
for
steel
for
engineering
operations,
both
at
home
and
abroad,
it
proved
exceedingly
remunerative.
Extensive
works
for
the
application
of
the
process
were
erected
at
Landore,
where
Siemens
prosecuted
his
experiments
on
the
subject
with
unfailing
ardour,
and,
among
other
things,
succeeded
in
making
a
basic
brick
for
the
lining
of
his
furnaces
which
withstood
the
intense
heat
fairly
well.
The
process
in
detail
consists
in
freeing
the
bath
of
melted
pig-iron
from
excess
of
carbon
by
adding
broken
lumps
of
pure
hematite
or
magnetite
iron
ore.
This
causes
a
violent
boiling,
which
is
kept
up
until
the
metal
becomes
soft
enough,
when
it
is
allowed
to
stand
to
let
the
metal
clear
from
the
slag
which
floats
in
scum
upon
the
top.
The
separation
of
the
slag
and
iron
is
facilitated
by
throwing
in
some
lime
from
time
to
time.
Spiegel,
or
specular
iron,
is
then
added;
about
1
per
cent.
more
than
in
the
scrap
process.
From
20
to
24
cwt.
of
ore
are
used
in
a
5-ton
charge,
and
about
half
the
metal
is
reduced
and
turned
into
steel,
so
that
the
yield
in
ingots
is
from
1
to
2
per
cent.
more
than
the
weight
of
pig
and
spiegel
iron
in
the
charge.
The
consumption
of
coal
is
rather
larger
than
in
the
scrap
process,
and
is
from
14
to
15
cwt.
per
ton
of
steel.
The
two
processes
of
Siemens
and
Martin
are
often
combined,
both
scrap
and
ore
being
used
in
the
same
charge,
the
latter
being
valuable
as
a
tempering
material.
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