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188
The Speech of Monkeys
·
R. L. Garner
134
CHAPTER
XXI.
Certain
Marks
which
Characterise
the
Sounds
of
Monkeys
as
Speech--Sounds
accompanied
by
Gestures--Certain
Acts
follow
certain
Sounds--They
acquire
new
Sounds--Their
Speech
addressed
to
certain
Individuals--Deliberation
and
Premeditation--They
remember
and
anticipate
Results--Thought
and
Reason.
As
a
result
of
my
experience
with
monkeys,
I
shall
here
sum
up
the
chief
points
in
which
their
speech
is
found
to
coincide
with
that
of
man,
and
note
those
features
which
distinctly
characterise
the
sounds
as
a
form
of
speech.
[Sidenote:
SOUNDS
OF
MONKEYS
AS
SPEECH]
The
sounds
which
monkeys
make
are
voluntary,
deliberate,
and
articulate.
They
are
always
addressed
to
some
certain
individual
with
the
evident
purpose
of
having
them
understood.
The
monkey
indicates
by
his
own
acts
and
the
manner
of
delivery
that
he
is
conscious
of
the
meaning
which
he
desires
to
convey
through
the
medium
of
the
sounds.
They
wait
for
and
expect
an
answer,
and
if
they
do
not
receive
one
they
frequently
repeat
the
sounds.
They
usually
look
at
the
person
addressed,
and
do
not
utter
these
sounds
when
alone
or
as
a
mere
pastime,
but
only
at
such
times
as
some
one
is
present
to
hear
them,
either
some
person
or
another
monkey.
They
understand
the
sounds
made
by
other
monkeys
of
their
own
kind,
and
usually
respond
to
them
with
a
like
sound.
They
understand
these
sounds
when
imitated
by
a
human
being,
by
a
whistle,
a
phonograph,
or
other
mechanical
devices,
and
this
indicates
that
they
are
guided
by
the
sounds
alone,
and
not
by
any
signs,
gestures,
or
psychic
influence.
The
same
sound
is
interpreted
to
mean
the
same
thing,
and
obeyed
in
the
same
manner
by
different
monkeys
of
the
same
species.
Different
sounds
are
accompanied
by
different
gestures,
and
produce
different
results
under
the
same
conditions.
They
make
their
sounds
with
the
vocal
organs,
and
modulate
them
with
the
teeth,
tongue
and
lips,
in
the
same
manner
that
man
controls
his
vocal
sounds.
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