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210
The Fairy-Land of Science
·
Arabella B. Buckley
14
For
example,
how
few
people
can
really
explain
the
difference
between
a
solid,
such
as
the
wood
of
the
table;
a
liquid,
as
water;
and
a
gas,
such
as
I
can
let
off
from
this
gas-jet
by
turning
the
tap.
And
yet
any
child
can
make
a
picture
of
this
in
his
mind
if
only
it
has
been
properly
put
before
him.
All
matter
in
the
world
is
made
up
of
minute
parts
or
particles;
in
a
solid
these
particles
are
locked
together
so
tightly
that
you
must
tear
them
forcibly
apart
if
you
with
to
alter
the
shape
of
the
solid
piece.
If
I
break
or
bend
this
wood
I
have
to
force
the
particles
to
move
round
each
other,
and
I
have
great
difficulty
doing
it.
But
in
a
liquid,
though
the
particles
are
still
held
together,
they
do
not
cling
so
tightly,
but
are
able
to
roll
or
glide
round
each
other,
so
that
when
you
pour
water
out
of
a
cup
on
to
a
table,
it
loses
its
cuplike
shape
and
spreads
itself
out
flat.
Lastly,
in
a
gas
the
particles
are
no
longer
held
together
at
all,
but
they
try
to
fly
away
from
each
other;
and
unless
you
shut
a
gas
in
tightly
and
safely,
it
will
soon
have
spread
all
over
the
room.
A
solid,
therefore,
will
retain
the
same
bulk
and
shape
unless
you
forcibly
alter
it;
a
liquid
will
retain
the
same
bulk,
but
no
the
same
shape
if
it
be
left
free;
a
gas
will
not
retain
either
the
same
bulk
or
the
same
shape,
but
will
spread
over
as
large
a
space
as
it
can
find
wherever
it
can
penetrate.
Such
simple
things
as
these
you
must
learn
from
books
and
by
experiment.
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