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164
Glaucus; Or, The Wonders of the Shore
·
Charles Kingsley
153
APPENDIX.
PLATE
I.
ZOOPHYTA.
POLYZOA.
THE
forms
of
animal
life
which
are
now
united
in
an
independent
class,
under
the
name
Polyzoa,
so
nearly
resemble
the
Hydroid
Zoophytes
in
general
form
and
appearance
that
a
casual
observer
may
suppose
them
to
be
nearly
identical.
In
all
but
the
more
recent
works,
they
are
treated
as
distinct
indeed,
but
still
included
under
the
general
term
“ZOOPHYTES.”
The
animals
of
both
groups
are
minute,
polypiform
creatures,
mostly
living
in
transparent
cells,
springing
from
the
sides
of
a
stem
which
unites
a
number
of
individuals
in
one
common
life,
and
grows
in
a
shrub-like
form
upon
any
submarine
body,
such
as
a
shell,
a
rock,
a
weed,
or
even
another
polypidom
to
which
it
is
parasitically
attached.
Each
polype,
in
both
classes,
protrudes
from
and
retreats
within
its
cell
by
an
independent
action,
and
when
protruded
puts
forth
a
circle
of
tentacles
whose
motion
round
the
mouth
is
the
means
of
securing
nourishment.
There
are,
however,
peculiarities
in
the
structure
of
the
Polyzoa
which
seem
to
remove
them
from
Zoophytology
to
a
place
in
the
system
of
nature
more
nearly
connected
with
Molluscan
types.
Some
of
them
come
so
near
to
the
compound
ascidians
that
they
have
been
termed,
as
an
order,
“Zoophyta
ascidioida.”
The
simplest
form
of
polype
is
that
of
a
fleshy
bag
open
at
one
end,
surmounted
by
a
circle
of
contractile
threads
or
fingers
called
tentacles.
The
plate
shows,
on
a
very
minute
scale,
at
figs.
1,
3,
and
6,
several
of
these
little
polypiform
bodies
protruding
from
their
cells.
But
the
Hydra
or
Fresh-water
Polype
has
no
cell,
and
is
quite
unconnected
with
any
root
thread,
or
with
other
individuals
of
the
same
species.
It
is
perfectly
free,
and
so
simple
in
its
structure,
that
when
the
sac
which
forms
its
body
is
turned
inside
out
it
will
continue
to
perform
the
functions
of
life
as
before.
The
greater
part,
however,
of
these
Hydraform
Polypes,
although
equally
simple
as
individuals,
are
connected
in
a
compound
life
by
means
of
their
variously
formed
polypidom,
as
the
branched
system
of
cells
is
termed.
The
Hydroid
Zoophytes
are
represented
in
the
first
plate
by
the
following
examples.
Marker
Marker
Fine marker
White-out
Fine white-out
Circle
Paint
Unmarker
Hand
Scalpel
Dice
Sieve
Purify
Undo
Redo
Start over
