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177
The Story of Alchemy and the Beginnings of Chemistry
·
M. M. Pattison Muir
159
The
only
satisfactory
mental
picture
which
the
facts
allow
us
to
form,
at
present,
of
the
emission
of
[beta]-rays
from
radium
compounds
is
that
which
represents
these
rays
as
streams
of
electrons,
that
is,
particles,
each
about
a
thousand
times
lighter
than
an
atom
of
hydrogen,
each
carrying
an
electric
charge,
and
moving
at
the
rate
of
about
180,000
miles
per
second,
that
is,
nearly
as
rapidly
as
light.
When
an
electric
discharge
is
passed
from
a
plate
of
metal,
arranged
as
the
kathode,
to
a
metallic
wire
arranged
as
the
anode,
both
sealed
through
the
walls
of
a
glass
tube
or
bulb
from
which
almost
the
whole
of
the
air
has
been
extracted,
rays
proceed
from
the
kathode,
in
a
direction
at
right
angles
thereto,
and,
striking
the
glass
in
the
neighbourhood
of
the
anode,
produce
a
green
phosphorescence.
Facts
have
been
gradually
accumulated
which
force
us
to
think
of
these
kathode
rays
as
streams
of
very
rapidly
moving
electrons,
that
is,
as
streams
of
extraordinarily
minute
electrically
charged
particles
identical
with
the
particles
which
form
the
[beta]-rays
emitted
by
compounds
of
radium.
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