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165
The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition
·
H. Barber
161
In
1908
the
first
Antoinette
monoplane
was
produced
by
MM.
Gastambide
and
Mengin.
Then
followed
a
machine
with
central
skids,
a
single
wheel,
and
wing
skids.
In
1909
came
the
machine
with
four-wheeled
chassis
and
ailerons
and
later
an
improved
edition
which
reverted
to
the
central
skid
idea.
On
this
M.
Latham
made
his
first
cross-channel
attempt.
The
next
machine
shed
the
wing
skids
and
widened
its
wheelbase.
During
1910-11
the
ailerons
vanished,
warp
control
was
adopted
and
the
king-post
system
of
wing-bracing
was
used.
In
1911
the
curious
machine
with
streamlined
"pantalette"
chassis,
totally
enclosed
body
and
internal
wing-bracing,
was
produced
for
French
Military
Trials.
In
1912
the
three-wheeled
machine
was
used
to
a
certain
extent
in
the
French
Army.
Then
the
type
disappeared.
In
1908
and
1909
detached
experimental
machines
in
various
countries
attained
a
certain
success.
The
late
Capt.
Ferber
made
a
primitive
tractor
biplane
1908.
The
Odier-Vendome
biplane
was
a
curious
bat-winged
pusher
biplane
built
1909.
The
tailless
Etrich
monoplane,
built
in
Austria,
1908,
was
an
adaptation
of
the
Zanonia
leaf.
M.
Santos-Dumont
made
primitive
parasol
type
monoplanes
known
as
"Demoiselles,"
in
which
bamboo
was
largely
used.
1909
type
is
seen
above.
A
curious
steel
monoplane
was
built
by
the
late
John
Moisant,
1909.
The
twin-pusher
biplane,
built
by
the
Barnwell
Bros.
in
Scotland,
made
one
or
two
straight
flights
in
1909.
The
Clement-Bayard
Co.
in
France
constructed
in
1909
a
biplane
which
did
fairly
well.
Hans
Grade,
the
first
German
to
fly,
made
his
early
efforts
on
a
"Demoiselle"
type
machine,
1908.
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