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Dogs and All about Them
·
Robert Leighton
24
The
face,
when
measured
from
the
front
of
the
cheek-bone
to
the
nose,
should
be
short,
and
its
skin
should
be
deeply
and
closely
wrinkled.
Excessive
shortness
of
face
is
not
natural,
and
can
only
be
obtained
by
the
sacrifice
of
the
"chop."
Such
shortness
of
face
makes
the
dog
appear
smaller
in
head
and
less
formidable
than
he
otherwise
would
be.
Formerly
this
shortness
of
face
was
artificially
obtained
by
the
use
of
the
"jack,"
an
atrocious
form
of
torture,
by
which
an
iron
instrument
was
used
to
force
back
the
face
by
means
of
thumbscrews.
The
nose
should
be
rough,
large,
broad,
and
black,
and
this
colour
should
extend
to
the
lower
lip;
its
top
should
be
deeply
set
back,
almost
between
the
eyes.
The
distance
from
the
inner
corner
of
the
eye
to
the
extreme
tip
of
the
nose
should
not
be
greater
than
the
length
from
the
tip
of
the
nose
to
the
edge
of
the
under
lip.
The
nostrils
should
be
large
and
wide,
with
a
well-defined
straight
line
visible
between
them.
The
largeness
of
nostril,
which
is
a
very
desirable
property,
is
possessed
by
few
of
the
recent
prize-winners.
When
viewed
in
profile
the
tip
of
the
nose
should
touch
an
imaginary
line
drawn
from
the
extremity
of
the
lower
jaw
to
the
top
of
the
centre
of
the
skull.
This
angle
of
the
nose
and
face
is
known
as
the
lay-back,
and
can
only
properly
be
ascertained
by
viewing
the
dog
from
the
side.
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