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281
Heroes of the Telegraph
·
John Munro
281
VIII.
ELISHA
GRAY.
THIS
distinguished
American
electrician
was
born
at
Barnesville
in
Belmont
county,
Ohio,
on
August
2,
1835.
His
family
were
Quakers,
and
in
early
life
he
was
apprenticed
to
a
carpenter,
but
showed
a
taste
for
chemistry,
and
at
the
age
of
twenty-one
he
went
to
Oberlin
College,
where
he
studied
for
five
years.
At
the
age
of
thirty
he
turned
his
attention
to
electricity,
and
invented
a
relay
which
adapted
itself
to
the
varying
insulation
of
the
telegraph
line.
He
was
then
led
to
devise
several
forms
of
automatic
repeaters,
but
they
are
not
much
employed.
In
1870-2,
he
brought
out
a
needle
annunciator
for
hotels,
and
another
for
elevators,
which
had
a
large
sale.
His
'Private
Telegraph
Line
Printer'
was
also
a
success.
From
1873-5
he
was
engaged
in
perfecting
his
'Electro-harmonic
telegraph.'
His
speaking
telegraph
was
likewise
the
outcome
of
these
researches.
The
'Telautograph,'
or
telegraph
which
writes
the
messages
as
a
fac-simile
of
the
sender's
penmanship
by
an
ingenious
application
of
intermittent
currents,
is
the
latest
of
his
more
important
works.
Mr.
Gray
is
a
member
of
the
firm
of
Messrs.
Gray
and
Barton,
and
electrician
to
the
Western
Electric
Manufacturing
Company
of
Chicago.
His
home
is
at
Highland
Park
near
that
city.
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