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168
Vitality Supreme
·
Bernarr Macfadden
32
It
is
an
interesting
fact
that
the
spine
is
the
central
and
fundamental
structure
of
all
the
higher
organisms
on
this
earth.
In
the
course
of
the
evolution
of
life
on
this
planet
there
developed
from
the
very
simplest
forms
of
animal
organisms
two
different
higher
forms
of
life--on
the
one
hand
the
vertebrate
animals,
possessing
an
internal
skeleton,
and
on
the
other
hand
the
insects,
clams,
crustaceans
and
other
creatures
that
have
their
skeletons
on
the
outside,
as
one
may
say,
in
the
form
of
shells.
The
legs
of
an
insect,
for
instance,
are
small
tubes
with
the
muscles
inside.
The
limbs
of
vertebrate
animals,
on
the
other
hand,
have
the
muscle
outside
the
bone.
Invertebrates
commonly
have
the
main
nerve
trunk
in
front,
or
underneath,
instead
of
at
the
back,
and
likewise
often
have
their
brains
in
their
abdomens.
Some
of
them,
such
as
the
grasshopper,
even
hear
with
their
abdomens.
But
all
vertebrata
have
the
great
nerve
trunk
at
the
back,
contained
in
the
spine
and
with
a
bulb
on
the
front
or
upper
end
constituting
the
brain.
In
fact,
a
vertebrate
animal
is
primarily
a
living
spine,
and
all
other
parts
of
the
body
are
in
the
nature
of
appendages.
The
limbs,
for
instance,
and
in
the
higher
animals
the
ribs
and
other
parts
of
the
skeleton,
are
simply
attached
to
the
spine,
or
are
offshoots
from
it.
In
the
fishes
these
limbs
take
the
shape
of
fins.
In
the
higher
developments
of
life
they
assume
the
form
of
legs.
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