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177
The Story of Alchemy and the Beginnings of Chemistry
·
M. M. Pattison Muir
5
8.
AN
ALCHEMICAL
COMMON
COLD
STILL
9.
A
BALNEUM
MARIÆ
10.
ALCHEMICAL
DISTILLING
APPARATUS
11.
A
PELICAN
12.
AN
ALCHEMIST
WITH
A
RETORT
13.
AN
ALCHEMIST
PREPARING
OIL
OF
VITRIOL
14.
ALCHEMICAL
APPARATUS
FOR
RECTIFYING
SPIRITS
15.
PURIFYING
GOLD
PRESENTED
BY
THE
IMAGE
OF
A
SALAMANDER
IN
THE
FIRE
16.
PRIESTLEY'S
APPARATUS
FOR
WORKING
WITH
GASES
17.
APPARATUS
USED
BY
LAVOISIER
IN
HIS
EXPERIMENTS
ON
BURNING
MERCURY
IN
AIR
CHAPTER
I
THE
EXPLANATION
OF
MATERIAL
CHANGES
GIVEN
BY
THE
GREEK
THINKERS.
For
thousands
of
years
before
men
had
any
accurate
and
exact
knowledge
of
the
changes
of
material
things,
they
had
thought
about
these
changes,
regarded
them
as
revelations
of
spiritual
truths,
built
on
them
theories
of
things
in
heaven
and
earth
(and
a
good
many
things
in
neither),
and
used
them
in
manufactures,
arts,
and
handicrafts,
especially
in
one
very
curious
manufacture
wherein
not
the
thousandth
fragment
of
a
grain
of
the
finished
article
was
ever
produced.
The
accurate
and
systematic
study
of
the
changes
which
material
things
undergo
is
called
chemistry;
we
may,
perhaps,
describe
alchemy
as
the
superficial,
and
what
may
be
called
subjective,
examination
of
these
changes,
and
the
speculative
systems,
and
imaginary
arts
and
manufactures,
founded
on
that
examination.
We
are
assured
by
many
old
writers
that
Adam
was
the
first
alchemist,
and
we
are
told
by
one
of
the
initiated
that
Adam
was
created
on
the
sixth
day,
being
the
15th
of
March,
of
the
first
year
of
the
world;
certainly
alchemy
had
a
long
life,
for
chemistry
did
not
begin
until
about
the
middle
of
the
18th
century.
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