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149
The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing-World
·
Duchess of Margaret Cavendish Newcastle
55
Lastly,
her
Imperial
Majesty
being
desirous
to
know
what
progress
her
Logicians
had
made
in
the
Art
of
disputing,
Commanded
them
to
argue
upon
several
Themes
or
Subjects;
which
they
did;
and
having
made
a
very
nice
discourse
of
Logistical
terms
and
propositions,
entred
into
a
dispute
by
way
of
Syllogistical
Arguments,
through
all
the
Figures
and
Modes:
One
began
with
an
Argument
of
the
first
Mode
of
the
first
Figure,
thus:
Every
Politician
is
wise:
Every
Knave
is
a
Politician,
Therefore
every
Knave
is
wise.
Another
contradicted
him
with
a
Syllogism
of
the
second
Mode
of
the
same
Figure,
thus:
No
Politician
is
wise:
Every
Knave
is
a
Politician,
Therefore
no
Knave
is
wise.
The
third
made
an
Argument
in
the
third
Mode
of
the
same
Figure,
after
this
manner:
Every
Politician
is
wise:
some
Knaves
are
Politicians,
Therefore
some
Knaves
are
wise.
The
Fourth
concluded
with
a
Syllogism
in
the
fourth
Mode
of
the
same
Figure,
thus;
No
Politician
is
wise:
some
Knaves
are
Politicians,
Therefore
some
Knaves
are
not
wise.
After
this
they
took
another
subject,
and
one
propounded
this
Syllogism:
Every
Philosopher
is
wise:
Every
Beast
is
wise,
Therefore
every
Beast
is
a
Philosopher.
But
another
said
that
this
Argument
was
false,
therefore
he
contradicted
him
with
a
Syllogism
of
the
second
Figure
of
the
fourth
Mode,
thus:
Every
Philosopher
is
wise:
some
Beasts
are
not
wise,
Therefore
some
Beasts
are
not
Philosophers.
Thus
they
argued,
and
intended
to
go
on,
but
the
Empress
interrupted
them:
I
have
enough,
said
she,
of
your
chopt
Logick,
and
will
hear
no
more
of
your
Syllogisms;
for
it
disorders
my
Reason,
and
puts
my
Brain
on
the
rack;
your
formal
argumentations
are
able
to
spoil
all
natural
wit;
and
I'le
have
you
to
consider,
that
Art
does
not
make
Reason,
but
Reason
makes
Art;
and
therefore
as
much
as
Reason
is
above
Art,
so
much
is
a
natural
rational
discourse
to
be
preferred
before
an
artificial:
for
Art
is,
for
the
most
part
irregular,
and
disorders
Men's
understandings
more
then
it
rectifies
them,
and
leads
them
into
a
Labyrinth
where
they'l
never
get
out,
and
makes
them
dull
and
unfit
for
useful
employments;
especially
your
Art
of
Logick,
which
consists
onely
in
contradicting
each
other,
in
making
sophismes,
and
obscuring
Truth,
instead
of
clearing
it.
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