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210
The Fairy-Land of Science
·
Arabella B. Buckley
91
Our
work
to-day
will
consist
in
trying
to
form
some
idea
of
the
way
in
which
water
thus
carves
out
the
surface
of
the
earth,
and
we
will
begin
by
seeing
how
much
can
be
done
by
our
old
friends
the
rain-drops
before
they
become
running
streams.
Everyone
must
have
noticed
that
whenever
rain
falls
on
soft
ground
it
makes
small
round
holes
in
which
it
collects,
and
then
sinks
into
the
ground,
forcing
its
way
between
the
grains
of
earth.
But
you
would
hardly
think
that
the
beautiful
pillars
in
Fig.
24
have
been
made
entirely
in
this
way
by
rain
beating
upon
and
soaking
into
the
ground.
Where
these
pillars
stand
there
was
once
a
solid
mass
of
clay
and
stones,
into
which
the
rain-drops
crept,
loosening
the
earthly
particles;
and
then
when
the
sun
dried
the
earth
again
cracks
were
formed,
so
that
the
next
shower
loosened
it
still
more,
and
carried
some
of
the
mud
down
into
the
valley
below.
But
here
and
there
large
stones
were
buried
in
the
clay,
and
where
this
happened
the
rain
could
not
penetrate,
and
the
stones
became
the
tops
of
tall
pillars
of
clay,
washed
into
shape
by
the
rain
beating
on
its
sides,
but
escaping
the
general
destruction
of
the
rest
of
the
mud.
In
this
way
the
whole
valley
has
been
carved
out
into
fine
pillars,
some
still
having
capping-stones,
while
others
have
lost
them,
and
these
last
will
soon
be
washed
away.
We
have
no
such
valleys
of
earth-pillars
here
in
England,
but
you
may
sometimes
see
tiny
pillars
under
bridges
where
the
drippings
have
washed
away
the
earth
between
the
pebbles,
and
such
small
examples
which
you
can
observe
for
yourselves
are
quite
as
instructive
as
more
important
ones.
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