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210
The Fairy-Land of Science
·
Arabella B. Buckley
94
But
what
has
this
to
do
with
sculpture
or
cutting
out
of
valleys?
If
you
will
only
take
a
glass
of
water
out
of
any
river,
and
let
it
stand
for
some
hours,
you
will
soon
answer
this
question
for
yourself.
For
you
will
find
that
even
from
river
water
which
looks
quite
clear,
a
thin
layer
of
mud
will
fall
to
the
bottom
of
the
glass,
and
if
you
take
the
water
when
the
river
is
swollen
and
muddy
you
will
get
quite
a
thick
deposit.
This
shows
that
the
brooks,
the
streams,
and
the
rivers
wash
away
the
land
as
they
flow
over
it
and
carry
it
from
the
mountains
down
to
the
valleys,
and
from
the
valleys
away
out
into
the
sea.
But
besides
earthly
matter,
which
we
can
see,
there
is
much
matter
dissolved
in
the
water
of
rivers
(as
we
mentioned
in
the
last
lecture),
and
this
we
cannot
see.
If
you
use
water
which
comes
out
of
a
chalk
country
you
will
find
that
after
a
time
the
kettle
in
which
you
have
been
in
the
habit
of
boiling
this
water
has
a
hard
crust
on
its
bottom
and
sides,
and
this
crust
is
made
of
chalk
or
carbonate
of
lime,
which
the
water
took
out
of
the
rocks
when
it
was
passing
through
them.
Professor
Bischoff
has
calculated
that
the
river
Rhine
carries
past
Bonn
every
year
enough
carbonate
of
lime
dissolved
in
its
water
to
make
332,000
million
oyster-shells,
and
that
if
all
these
shells
were
built
into
a
cube
it
would
measure
560
feet.
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