The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition

THE BRISTOL TRACTORS.--Late 1912 came the round fuselaged tractor, with Gnome engine, designed by Mr. Gordon England for Turkey. 1912-13 came the biplane built onto the Military Trials monoplane type fuselage, also with a Gnome, designed by M. Coanda for Roumania. Then the Renault-engined Coanda tractor 1913, followed by 80 h.p. Gnome-engined scout, designed by Messrs. Barnwell and Busteed, which with Gnomes, le Rhones and Clergets, has been one of the great successes. Almost contemporary was the two-seater Bristol. THE MARTINSYDES.--1909, first experimental monoplane built with small 4-cylinder engine. J.A.P.-engined machine, 1910, followed by the Gnome-engined machine, 1911. 1912, first big monoplane with Antoinette engine was built, followed by powerful Austro-Daimler monoplane, 1913. Then came the little Gnome-engined scout biplanes, 1914, some with, some without, skids. THE CURTISS BIPLANES.--In 1909 came the "June-bug," the united product of Glen Curtiss, Dr. Graham Bell, and J. A. D. McCurdy. Then the box-kite type, 1909, on which Mr. Curtiss won the Gordon-Bennett Race at Reims. Next the "rear-elevator" pusher, 1912, followed by first tractor, 1913, with an outside flywheel. All purely Curtiss machines to that date had independent ailerons intended to get away from Wright patents. Following these came tractors with engines varying from 70 to 160 h.p., fitted with varying types of chassis. All these have ordinary ailerons. THE BLERIOT (1).--The first engine-driven machine was a "canard" monoplane. Then came the curious tractor monoplanes 1908-1909, in order shown. Famous "Type XI" was prototype of all Bleriot successes. "Type XII" was never a great success, though the ancestor of the popular "parasol" type. The big passenger carrier was a descendant of this type.